fjt_048648 - CORPORATIONS n.d.
出版目录中的项代码 :
正面
正面的文字 LUD. XV. REX. CHRISTIANISS.
正面的说明书 Buste à droite de Louis XV non signé [n° 307].
正面的翻译 Louis XV, roi très chrétien.
背面
背面的文字 TOTUM. IN. SPIRITU. IN. CORPORE. NIHIL ; À L'EXERGUE : COMMUNAUTE. DES. DISTILLATEURS. MDS. D'EAU. DE. VIE.
背面的说明书 Saint Louis à genoux à droite, implorant l'Esprit Saint. Devant lui, un alambic, des symboles royaux et le bas de l’exergue vide sans les deux palmes croisées.
背面的翻译 Tout est dans l'esprit, rien dans le corps.
评论
Il existe deux coins de revers pour cette corporation. Le premier chronologiquement se caractérise par deux palmes croisées en bas de l’exergue du revers.
La distillation de l'eau-de-vie a été faite pendant longtemps par les vinaigriers et les épiciers apothicaires. En 1624, le droit de faire des eaux-de-vie est formée en spécialité distincte tandis que les vinaigriers et apothicaires continuent d'avoir le droit de distillation. En 1639, le métier passe sous la juridiction de la Cour des monnaies sous prétexte de fabrications d'acides pouvant altérer les monnaies. Vers 1676, la corporation compte environ 250 maîtres avec les limonadiers. La devise du revers est strictement liée à la corporation des distillateurs (F. 5078-5085).
There are two reverse dies for this corporation. The first chronologically is characterized by two crossed palms at the bottom of the exergue on the reverse. The distillation of brandy was done for a long time by vinegar makers and apothecaries. In 1624, the right to make brandy was formed into a separate specialty while vinegar makers and apothecaries continued to have the right to distill. In 1639, the trade came under the jurisdiction of the Court of Coins under the pretext of manufacturing acids that could alter coins. Around 1676, the corporation had about 250 masters with the lemonade makers. The motto on the reverse is strictly linked to the distillers' corporation (F. 5078-5085)
La distillation de l'eau-de-vie a été faite pendant longtemps par les vinaigriers et les épiciers apothicaires. En 1624, le droit de faire des eaux-de-vie est formée en spécialité distincte tandis que les vinaigriers et apothicaires continuent d'avoir le droit de distillation. En 1639, le métier passe sous la juridiction de la Cour des monnaies sous prétexte de fabrications d'acides pouvant altérer les monnaies. Vers 1676, la corporation compte environ 250 maîtres avec les limonadiers. La devise du revers est strictement liée à la corporation des distillateurs (F. 5078-5085).
There are two reverse dies for this corporation. The first chronologically is characterized by two crossed palms at the bottom of the exergue on the reverse. The distillation of brandy was done for a long time by vinegar makers and apothecaries. In 1624, the right to make brandy was formed into a separate specialty while vinegar makers and apothecaries continued to have the right to distill. In 1639, the trade came under the jurisdiction of the Court of Coins under the pretext of manufacturing acids that could alter coins. Around 1676, the corporation had about 250 masters with the lemonade makers. The motto on the reverse is strictly linked to the distillers' corporation (F. 5078-5085)
历史细节
CORPORATIONS
In Rome, groups of artisans already existed: forming a college placed under the protection of a divinity, with a common house and fund. In medieval Europe, probably from religious brotherhoods, economic groups were formed between merchants called hanse or ghilde.. With the development of trade, craftsmen organized themselves into trade bodies or communities which brought together all those who practiced the same profession: masters, journeymen or apprentices.. To enter the body, you had to "swear" the profession. Alongside, there were free professions that could be practiced by all.. Each corps was headed by a collegial management responsible for enforcing the regulations of the trade, protecting the trade from competition and directing the mutual benefit society.. At the end of the 17th century, the king began to sell the functions of jurors and corporate trustees as hereditary offices, which led to serious financial difficulties at a time when the corporations no longer met the new economic requirements of the development of industry and business concentration. It is also in England that the corporations disappeared spontaneously because of the industrial revolution.. The corporations will be abolished in France in 1791 by the Constituent Assembly.
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