Live auction - fme_864777 - NAPOLEON'S EMPIRE Médaille, Érection du Royaume de Westphalie
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| 估算 : | 150 € |
| 价格 : | 106 € |
| 最高出价 : | 106 € |
| 拍卖结束日期 : | 24 October 2023 18:30:48 |
| 竞拍人 : | 5 竞拍人 |
种类 Médaille, Érection du Royaume de Westphalie
日期: 1807
铸币厂名称/城市 Allemagne, Cassel
材质 copper
直径 40,5 mm
模子方针 12 h.
硬币制模工 ANDRIEU Jean-Bertrand (1761-1822) / BRENET Nicolas-Guy-Antoine (1773-1846)
重量 31,64 g.
侧面 lisse
印模 sans poinçon
关于品相的说明
Jolie patine marron présentant des marques d’usure et les traces d’un léger nettoyage dans les champs. Présence de coups sur la tranche
正面
正面的文字 ANÉPIGRAPHE.
正面的说明书 Tête laurée à droite de Napoléon Ier, signé : ANDRIEU F..
背面
背面的文字 INJECIT TANDEM FRENA - VACANTI // À L’EXERGUE : ÉRECTION DU ROYAUME / DE WESTPHALIE / MDCCCVII.
背面的说明书 Napoléon lauré, nu, tendant la main vers un cheval . Signé : BRENET F. et DENON D..
评论
Le royaume de Westphalie (en allemand : Königreich Westphalen) était un État membre de la Confédération du Rhin.
Déjà au début de l’année 1806, après la victoire sur la troisième coalition, Napoléon et Talleyrand envisagèrent de créer un ou deux États sur les rives du Rhin en Westphalie, composés de territoires de différents princes, dont la Prusse, qui en tant que nouvel allié de la France devait être dédommagée pour ces cessions territoriales. Par ailleurs, la Prusse se vit céder le Hanovre, fief anglais, que les Français occupaient depuis la rupture de la paix d’Amiens en 1803. Ces projets initiaux expliquent probablement le nom donné au royaume créé en 1807. Après le revirement de la politique prussienne et l’éclatement de la guerre, les armées de Napoléon occupèrent une grande partie de la Prusse et les États de ses alliés que furent le duché de Brunswick et l’Electorat de Hesse. Pendant les négociations d’armistice après la bataille d'Iéna, Napoléon comptait laisser à la Prusse certaines provinces sur la rive gauche de l’Elbe, telles que le duché de Magdebourg et la Vieille Marche mais le roi de Prusse, tablant sur le soutien efficace de son allié russe, se rétracta et la guerre se poursuivit. Après la bataille d’Eylau en février 1807, Napoléon semble avoir décidé d’enlever à la Prusse toutes ses provinces à l’ouest de l’Elbe et maintint cette décision après sa victoire de Friedland le 14 juin 1807 pendant les négociations de paix de Friedland. Toutes les cessions prussiennes, le duché de Brunswick, le landgraviat de Hesse et la partie méridionale du Hanovre furent intégrés dans le nouveau royaume de Westphalie. Cet État, nettement plus grand qu’initialement prévu et s’étendant beaucoup plus à l’est, devait servir de barrière contre la Prusse devenue l’ennemie impitoyable. Le royaume de Westphalie fut formé par Napoléon Ier en 1807, dans le but d'offrir au reste de l'Allemagne le modèle d'un État constitué d'après les principes essentiels de la Révolution française.
À cause de la dissolution du Saint-Empire romain germanique par Napoléon en 1806, Cassel devient la capitale du nouveau royaume de Westphalie : l'Empereur en donne le trône à son jeune frère, Jérôme Bonaparte. Ce dernier tient en son Château Wilhelmshöhe, devenu « Napoleonshöhe », une cour brillante. Ce royaume ne survit pas à la défaite de Leipzig en 1813..
The Kingdom of Westphalia (German: Königreich Westphalen) was a member state of the Confederation of the Rhine.
Already at the beginning of 1806, after the victory over the Third Coalition, Napoleon and Talleyrand considered creating one or two states on the banks of the Rhine in Westphalia, consisting of territories of different princes, including Prussia, which as a new ally of France was to be compensated for these territorial cessions.. Furthermore, Prussia was ceded Hanover, an English stronghold, which the French had occupied since the breaking of the Peace of Amiens in 1803.. These initial projects probably explain the name given to the kingdom created in 1807. After the reversal of Prussian policy and the outbreak of war, Napoleon's armies occupied a large part of Prussia and the states of its allies, the Duchy of Brunswick and the Electorate of Hesse.. During the armistice negotiations after the Battle of Jena, Napoleon intended to leave to Prussia certain provinces on the left bank of the Elbe, such as the Duchy of Magdeburg and the Old March, but the King of Prussia, counting on the effective support of his Russian ally, backed out and the war continued.. After the Battle of Eylau in February 1807, Napoleon appears to have decided to take all of Prussia's provinces west of the Elbe and maintained this decision after his victory at Friedland on 14 June 1807 during the Friedland peace negotiations.. All Prussian cessions, the Duchy of Brunswick, the Landgraviate of Hesse and the southern part of Hanover were incorporated into the new Kingdom of Westphalia.. This state, significantly larger than initially planned and extending much further east, was to serve as a barrier against Prussia, which had become the ruthless enemy.. The Kingdom of Westphalia was formed by Napoleon I in 1807, with the aim of offering the rest of Germany a model of a state constituted according to the essential principles of the French Revolution..
Due to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon in 1806, Kassel became the capital of the new Kingdom of Westphalia: the Emperor gave the throne to his younger brother, Jérôme Bonaparte.. The latter held a brilliant court in his Wilhelmshöhe Castle, which became the \\\"Napoleonshöhe\\\".. This kingdom did not survive the defeat at Leipzig in 1813..
Déjà au début de l’année 1806, après la victoire sur la troisième coalition, Napoléon et Talleyrand envisagèrent de créer un ou deux États sur les rives du Rhin en Westphalie, composés de territoires de différents princes, dont la Prusse, qui en tant que nouvel allié de la France devait être dédommagée pour ces cessions territoriales. Par ailleurs, la Prusse se vit céder le Hanovre, fief anglais, que les Français occupaient depuis la rupture de la paix d’Amiens en 1803. Ces projets initiaux expliquent probablement le nom donné au royaume créé en 1807. Après le revirement de la politique prussienne et l’éclatement de la guerre, les armées de Napoléon occupèrent une grande partie de la Prusse et les États de ses alliés que furent le duché de Brunswick et l’Electorat de Hesse. Pendant les négociations d’armistice après la bataille d'Iéna, Napoléon comptait laisser à la Prusse certaines provinces sur la rive gauche de l’Elbe, telles que le duché de Magdebourg et la Vieille Marche mais le roi de Prusse, tablant sur le soutien efficace de son allié russe, se rétracta et la guerre se poursuivit. Après la bataille d’Eylau en février 1807, Napoléon semble avoir décidé d’enlever à la Prusse toutes ses provinces à l’ouest de l’Elbe et maintint cette décision après sa victoire de Friedland le 14 juin 1807 pendant les négociations de paix de Friedland. Toutes les cessions prussiennes, le duché de Brunswick, le landgraviat de Hesse et la partie méridionale du Hanovre furent intégrés dans le nouveau royaume de Westphalie. Cet État, nettement plus grand qu’initialement prévu et s’étendant beaucoup plus à l’est, devait servir de barrière contre la Prusse devenue l’ennemie impitoyable. Le royaume de Westphalie fut formé par Napoléon Ier en 1807, dans le but d'offrir au reste de l'Allemagne le modèle d'un État constitué d'après les principes essentiels de la Révolution française.
À cause de la dissolution du Saint-Empire romain germanique par Napoléon en 1806, Cassel devient la capitale du nouveau royaume de Westphalie : l'Empereur en donne le trône à son jeune frère, Jérôme Bonaparte. Ce dernier tient en son Château Wilhelmshöhe, devenu « Napoleonshöhe », une cour brillante. Ce royaume ne survit pas à la défaite de Leipzig en 1813..
The Kingdom of Westphalia (German: Königreich Westphalen) was a member state of the Confederation of the Rhine.
Already at the beginning of 1806, after the victory over the Third Coalition, Napoleon and Talleyrand considered creating one or two states on the banks of the Rhine in Westphalia, consisting of territories of different princes, including Prussia, which as a new ally of France was to be compensated for these territorial cessions.. Furthermore, Prussia was ceded Hanover, an English stronghold, which the French had occupied since the breaking of the Peace of Amiens in 1803.. These initial projects probably explain the name given to the kingdom created in 1807. After the reversal of Prussian policy and the outbreak of war, Napoleon's armies occupied a large part of Prussia and the states of its allies, the Duchy of Brunswick and the Electorate of Hesse.. During the armistice negotiations after the Battle of Jena, Napoleon intended to leave to Prussia certain provinces on the left bank of the Elbe, such as the Duchy of Magdeburg and the Old March, but the King of Prussia, counting on the effective support of his Russian ally, backed out and the war continued.. After the Battle of Eylau in February 1807, Napoleon appears to have decided to take all of Prussia's provinces west of the Elbe and maintained this decision after his victory at Friedland on 14 June 1807 during the Friedland peace negotiations.. All Prussian cessions, the Duchy of Brunswick, the Landgraviate of Hesse and the southern part of Hanover were incorporated into the new Kingdom of Westphalia.. This state, significantly larger than initially planned and extending much further east, was to serve as a barrier against Prussia, which had become the ruthless enemy.. The Kingdom of Westphalia was formed by Napoleon I in 1807, with the aim of offering the rest of Germany a model of a state constituted according to the essential principles of the French Revolution..
Due to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon in 1806, Kassel became the capital of the new Kingdom of Westphalia: the Emperor gave the throne to his younger brother, Jérôme Bonaparte.. The latter held a brilliant court in his Wilhelmshöhe Castle, which became the \\\"Napoleonshöhe\\\".. This kingdom did not survive the defeat at Leipzig in 1813..
历史细节
PREMIER EMPIRE / FIRST FRENCH EMPIRE
(18/05/1804-6/04/1814)
Reinforced by the Cadoudal conspiracy of March 1804, the idea of hereditary power found its culmination on May 18, 1804 when Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of the French under the name of Napoleon I.. Ratified by plebiscite, the Empire was consecrated on December 2, 1804 during the coronation of Notre-Dame. With the Constitution of Year XII still in effect, the First Empire seems to function as a continuation of the French Republic led by an emperor. It is actually a personal dictatorship where the emperor appoints and dismisses ministers, initiates laws and controls the Legislative Body.. In the departments, the prefects inform the Ministry of the Interior. The posts, the press, the printing press are controlled by censorship. The great bodies of the State are reorganized as well as Justice with the Penal Code which completes the Civil Code completed under the Consulate. Universities and schools are supervised. In 1805, Napoleon became King of Italy while coalitions formed against the Empire. Despite the naval defeat of Trafalgar, the imperial armies won many land victories such as Austerlitz, Jena or Eylau which ensured control of continental Europe. Dismembered, it is attributed to the Bonaparte family which seems to triumph everywhere. Fortified by the continental blockade, industry is prosperous but trade suffers. In 1808, the continental blockade was reinforced by a second decree issued in Milan on December 17, 1807.. The war in Spain begins after Junot conquers Portugal, which refuses to apply the blockade. Quickly, the people of Madrid rise up against the French occupation of Murat. On May 1 and 2, the French fiercely repress guerrilla movements. Mass executions take place. They are immortalized by Goya in his famous Primer y Dos de Mayo. Joseph, King of Naples, is reluctantly appointed King of Spain. Murat replaces him on the throne of Naples with his wife Caroline. Despite the forced abdications of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII in Bayonne, in the presence of Napoleon, the French witness a general uprising in Spain and are beaten in Bailen on July 22: they lose Madrid. Wellington and an English expeditionary force land in Portugal on August 1. Junot must capitulate at Cintra on August 30. The French retake Madrid on December 4, 1808.. In April 1809, Pius VII excommunicated Napoleon who had him sequestered in retaliation. The allies form the fifth coalition, but the Austrians are defeated at Eckmühl on April 12, Essling on May 21 and Wagram on July 6, 1809. At the Treaty of Vienna, Austria cedes Carniola, Carinthia and Croatia which will form the Illyrian provinces which are incorporated into the Empire. The Vendôme column was inaugurated in 1810. That year, Napoleon was at the height of his power and France had 130 departments from the Tiber to the Elbe.. After divorcing Josephine in December 1809, he married Marie-Louise of Austria on April 2, 1810. Louis abdicated from the throne of Holland on July 9, 1810, refusing to apply the Continental Blockade and the Kingdom was annexed to France. In 1811, the Emperor, who had his marriage with Joséphine dissolved, married Archduchess Marie-Louise, who gave him a son, the King of Rome, who was born in the Tuileries on March 20, 1811.. Franco-Russian relations deteriorated after Austrian marriage. Finally, Napoleon crossed the Niemen on June 24, 1812. This is the beginning of the Russian campaign. At the head of the Grande Armée, he took Vilna (June 28), won the victory of Smolensk (August 18), then the difficult battle of the Moscova (September 5-7). He takes Moscow between September 15 and 18. The city is set on fire by the Russians and the French must evacuate it. The Grande Armée is forced to retreat with the Russian winter starting very early and an enemy practicing a scorched earth policy. It is the battle of Berezina on November 27-29, 1812. Over 600. 000 men, less than 30. 000 crossed the Russian border. General Malet attempts a coup in Paris on October 23. He was shot on the 29th. The Russians occupy Warsaw, Hamburg and Dresden. The Prussians win the victories of Lutzen and Bautzen on May 2 and 21, 1813. All of Europe leagued against Napoleon during the sixth coalition and he was defeated in the Battle of Nations on October 16-19, 1813. The French campaign begins in January 1814. Despite the victories of Montmirail and Montereau on February 10 and 18, Napoleon could not prevent the capitulation of Paris on March 31. He was forced to abdicate on April 6, 1814 and left for the island of Elba..
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