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fme_1089037 - PHARMACIENS - APOTHICAIRES Médaille, Galien, Conseil supérieur de la pharmacie

PHARMACIENS - APOTHICAIRES Médaille, Galien, Conseil supérieur de la pharmacie XF/AU
50.00 €约 408.50 CNY
数量
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种类 Médaille, Galien, Conseil supérieur de la pharmacie
日期: n.d.
铸币厂名称/城市 44 - Nantes
材质 bronze
直径 60,5 mm
模子方针 12 h.
硬币制模工 VERNON (de) Jean (1897-1975)
重量 121,71 g.
侧面 lisse + corne BRONZE
印模 corne BRONZE
关于品相的说明
Patine hétérogène avec des taches d’oxydation et concrétions
出版目录中的项代码 :

正面


正面的文字 GALIEN.
正面的说明书 Tête de profil à droite, signé : JEAN VERNON.

背面


背面的文字 CONSEIL. SVPERIEVR. DE. LA. PHARMACIE // M.ME C. TRAVERS / LABORATOIRE / ETACH.
背面的说明书 Caducée posé sur un cartouche.

评论


La médaille a été décernée à Madame C. Travers du laboratoire Etach.
The medal was awarded to Mrs. C. Travers of the Etach laboratory

历史细节


PHARMACISTS - CHEMISTS - APOTHECARIES

Following the Muslims, European medieval pharmacy was enriched by chemical research. The common doctrine considered that diseases constituted morbid essences and that remedies acted as antidote. Also appeared in the 16th and 17th centuries. new remedies like arnica, valerian, cinchona. The corporation of apothecaries was united with that of grocers because sugar, rare in the Middle Ages, was considered more of a remedy than a food. Apothecaries began to be regulated by Charles VIII in 1484, then Louis XII separated apothecaries from grocers. Access to the profession of pharmacist was difficult, which did not prevent doctors in Molière's time from considering pharmacist-apothecaries as inferior. The first public school of pharmacy dates from 1576 and Louis XVI transformed it into a College of Pharmacy in 1777. Then, Bonaparte organized the first three national schools of pharmacy in Paris, Montpellier and Strasbourg. Finally, the arrival of synthetic substances after 1850 led to the development of modern chemical pharmacy..

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