v18_2578 - TURQUIE - SULTAN MAHMOUD II 2 rumi altin AH 1223 Constantinople

TURKEY - SULTAN MAHMUD II

(1808-1839)

Son of Abdul-Hamid I, Mahmoud II continues the reform policy of his cousin Selim III. The army is reorganized and the janissaries severely repressed, the traditional dress is reformed in favor of the European costume with the fez. Trade treaties are signed with European countries or the United States. His reign was troubled by revolts as in Albania with Ali Pasha and he had to recognize the independence of Serbia and Greece. Syria and Cilicia were ceded to Egypt. He was succeeded by his son, Abdul-Medjid I..