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E-auction 569-512242 - fme_445270 - III REPUBLIC Médaille, Prix de vertu du baron de Montyon

III REPUBLIC Médaille, Prix de vertu du baron de Montyon AU
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购货人不付费
估算 : 90 €
价格 : 21 €
最高出价 : 24 €
拍卖结束日期 : 11 March 2024 19:41:20
竞拍人 : 4 竞拍人
种类 Médaille, Prix de vertu du baron de Montyon
日期: 1926
铸币厂名称/城市 75 - Paris
材质 bronze
直径 52,4 mm
模子方针 12 h.
硬币制模工 GAYRARD Raymond (1777-1858)
重量 61,4 g.
侧面 lisse + Corne BRONZE
印模 corne BRONZE
关于品相的说明
Médaille avec une agréable patine brun mat

正面


正面的文字 ANTOINE JEAN BAPTISTE - ROBERT AUGET DE MONTYON.
正面的说明书 Buste à gauche du baron de Montyon.

背面


背面的文字 ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE / PRIX DE VERTU / CHARBONNIER / (LOUISE) / 1926.
背面的说明书 Légende en 6 lignes dans une couronne de lauriers.

评论


Antoine-Jean-Baptiste-Robert Auget, baron de Montyon, est un philanthrope et économiste français, né le 23 décembre 1733 à Paris et mort le 29 décembre 1820 dans la même ville.

Après avoir été avocat au Châtelet en 1755, il devient maître des requêtes au Conseil d'État, puis intendant de diverses provinces telles que Auvergne et Provence. Rappelé à Paris en 1775 pour devenir conseiller d'État, il fut nommé ensuite chancelier de Monsieur, frère du roi en 1780. Très fortuné, il crée à cette époque différents prix distribués par des sociétés savantes, notamment le Prix de vertu décerné par l'Académie française à des personnes méritantes, qui fut attribué pour la première fois en 1782. Il émigre au début de la Révolution et ne revient en France qu'en 1814 sous la Restauration. Lorsqu'il mourut, il laissa par testament à l'Institut de France les revenus d'un capital important destinés à récompenser des œuvres ou des actions édifiantes : le prix de vertu, un prix littéraire et un prix scientifique, tous trois furent appelés prix Montyon.

Le prix de vertu est encore décerné aujourd'hui mais les sommes attribuées sont devenues extrêmement minimes, cependant, une des clauses du testament du fondateur exige que tous les ans, il soit fait « lecture d'un discours qui contiendra l'éloge d'un acte de vertu ». Ainsi depuis 1819, un membre de l'Académie française se livre annuellement au délicat exercice consistant à faire l'éloge des lauréats vertueux et des vertus en général, prétexte pour réfléchir aux mœurs de son temps. C'est donc un tableau particulièrement original de l'histoire des mœurs que l'on peut découvrir à travers les discours prononcés par François Guizot, Alexis de Tocqueville, Thierry Maulnier, Jean Guitton, François Mauriac ou Erik Orsenna. Sans oublier Paul Valéry..
Antoine-Jean-Baptiste-Robert Auget, Baron de Montyon, was a French philanthropist and economist, born on December 23, 1733 in Paris and died on December 29, 1820 in the same city..

After being a lawyer at the Châtelet in 1755, he became master of requests at the Council of State, then intendant of various provinces such as Auvergne and Provence. Recalled to Paris in 1775 to become a State Councillor, he was then appointed Chancellor to Monsieur, brother of the King in 1780. Very wealthy, he created at this time various prizes distributed by learned societies, notably the Prix de vertu awarded by the Académie française to deserving people, which was awarded for the first time in 1782. He emigrated at the start of the Revolution and did not return to France until 1814 under the Restoration.. When he died, he left in his will to the Institut de France the income from a substantial capital intended to reward edifying works or actions: the virtue prize, a literary prize and a scientific prize, all three were called the Montyon prize..

The virtue prize is still awarded today, but the sums awarded have become extremely small. However, one of the clauses in the founder's will requires that every year \\\"a speech be read which will contain the praise of an act of virtue.\\\". Thus, since 1819, a member of the French Academy has annually engaged in the delicate exercise of praising virtuous laureates and virtues in general, a pretext for reflecting on the morals of his time.. It is therefore a particularly original picture of the history of morals that we can discover through the speeches given by François Guizot, Alexis de Tocqueville, Thierry Maulnier, Jean Guitton, François Mauriac or Erik Orsenna.. Without forgetting Paul Valéry.

历史细节


III REPUBLIC

(4/09/1870-10/07/1940)

The news of the capitulation of Sedan provokes the revolution of September 4, 1870 in Paris. Proclaimed at the Hôtel de Ville, the Republic is endowed with a provisional government called the Government of National Defense. Threatened on the left by the insurrection of the Commune and on the right by the monarchists, the new regime had a difficult start.. Initially head of the executive power (February 1871), Thiers was responsible for reorganizing the country before choosing its form of government.. He became President of the Republic in August 1871 and, despite his action to liberate the territory, had to leave his post in March 1873 in the face of royalist opposition.. He is then replaced by Mac-Mahon favorable to the restoration of the monarchy but this one is not restored following the question of the flag. The law of the septennat was then put in place in November 1873 and then, in 1875, the fundamental laws were passed which served as the Constitution of the Third Republic.. Parliamentary system, it is characterized in particular by the clear preponderance of the legislative power on the executive power. Anticlerical, the Third Republic makes school free, secular and compulsory but continues the colonial policy for its economic, strategic and moral ambitions. Separation of Church and State was passed in 1905.. The idea of revenge on Germany and significant nationalism are at the heart of the Boulangist crisis, the Panama scandal or the Dreyfus affair of the years 1886-1899, while foreign policy is very active, particularly in Morocco and that the arms race develops. The First World War was expensive for France, which only recovered from 1920 or even 1928 for the coin with the "Poincaré" franc.. The crisis of 1929 is felt only from 1932 but lasts until 1939, a period during which ministerial instability is very important. Wavering in 1934, the Third Republic found a new unitary cement with anti-fascism which enabled the Popular Front to come to power in 1936.. But, paralyzed against Germany, France was then bogged down in a "phony war" and then suffered one of the greatest defeats in its history in June 1940.. Gathered in the National Assembly in Vichy on July 10, 1940, the Chambers, although elected in 1936, voted full powers to Pétain in a sort of collective suicide by 569 votes for, 80 votes against and 18 abstentions..

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