E-auction 272-194009 - fme_366321 - SECOND EMPIRE Médaille de l’annexion de la Savoie et de Nice à la France
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购货人不付费
| 估算 : | 250 € |
| 价格 : | 141 € |
| 最高出价 : | 182 € |
| 拍卖结束日期 : | 02 July 2018 18:31:30 |
| 竞拍人 : | 8 竞拍人 |
种类 Médaille de l’annexion de la Savoie et de Nice à la France
日期: 1860
铸币厂名称/城市 France, Savoie / Nice
材质 tin
直径 50 mm
模子方针 12 h.
硬币制模工 CAQUÉ Armand Auguste (1795-1881)
重量 58 g.
侧面 lisse
关于品相的说明
Médaille très intéressante, avec un droit un peu usé mais un superbe revers finement patiné
正面
正面的文字 NAPOLEON III - EMPEREUR.
正面的说明书 Tête laurée à gauche ; signé au-dessous CAQUÉ F..
背面
背面的文字 ANNEXION DE LA SAVOIE ET DU COMTÉ DE NICE A LA FRANCE / SAVOIE VOTANTS : 130.839. SUFFRAGES : 130.533. 22 ET 24 AVRIL / NICE VOTANTS : 26.023. SUFFRAGES : 25.648.
背面的说明书 Légende en huit lignes ; MASSONET ED..
评论
L'Annexion de la Savoie est le nom générique donné à la réunion, selon l’expression utilisée dans le traité de Turin, de l’ensemble de la Savoie (futurs départements de la Savoie et de la Haute-Savoie), correspondant au duché homonyme, et du comté de Nice, alors partie intégrante du royaume de Sardaigne, à la France en 1860. Bien que le pays fût occupé, voire annexé, à plusieurs reprises (par les Français : 1556-1559 ; 1600-1601 ; 1689 puis 1703-1713 ; par les Espagnols 1742-1749 ; à nouveau par la France durant la Révolution de 1792 à 1814), l’expression renvoie à la clause de « réunion » prévue par l'Article premier du traité de Turin du 24 mars 1860.
Le plébiscite se déroule les 22 et 23 avril 1860 : c'est la première élection au suffrage universel en Savoie, et les électeurs doivent répondre à la question « La Savoie veut-elle être réunie à la France ? ». « Pour Napoléon III, il ne s'agit pas de demander l'avis des citoyens mais de démontrer que sa politique bénéficie d'un soutien populaire. Tout se trouve mis en œuvre pour que les résultats du vote répondent aux attentes de l'Empereur » explique un historien. Les conditions de vote ne permettraient pas de caractériser aujourd'hui le vote de totalement démocratique ; « Les urnes étaient aux mains des mêmes autorités qui avaient issues les proclamations. Les contrôles étaient impossibles », les églises chantent la messe et le "Domine salvum fac Imperatorem" (Seigneur protège l'empereur). Bien que le travail des conservateurs fut très important, pour l'historien Paul Guichonnet, l'Annexion est « l’œuvre avant tout du clergé ». Le docteur Truchet d'Annecy commentait ainsi cette période « Si les six cents curés savoyards eussent fait opposition à l'annexion, la presque unanimité eût été en sens inverse, soyez-en bien sûrs ». Guichonnet souligne d'ailleurs que cette orientation du clergé savoyard s'est faite «contre l’orientation laïque et pro-italienne de Cavour, par l’aristocratie et le clergé, encadrant des masses rurales sans éducation politique».
The Annexation of Savoy is the generic name given to the union, according to the expression used in the Treaty of Turin, of the whole of Savoy (future departments of Savoy and Haute-Savoie), corresponding to the homonymous duchy, and the County of Nice, then an integral part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, to France in 1860. Although the country was occupied, or even annexed, on several occasions (by the French: 1556-1559; 1600-1601; 1689 then 1703-1713; by the Spanish 1742-1749; again by France during the Revolution from 1792 to 1814), the expression refers to the \\\"reunion\\\" clause provided for by Article 1 of the Treaty of Turin of March 24, 1860.
The plebiscite took place on April 22 and 23, 1860: it was the first election by universal suffrage in Savoy, and voters had to answer the question \\\"Does Savoy want to be reunited with France?\\\". \\\"For Napoleon III, it was not a question of asking the opinion of citizens but of demonstrating that his policy enjoyed popular support.\\\". \\\"Everything is being done to ensure that the results of the vote meet the Emperor's expectations,\\\" explains a historian.. The voting conditions would not allow us to characterize the vote as totally democratic today; \\\"The ballot boxes were in the hands of the same authorities who had issued the proclamations. Controls were impossible,” the churches sing the mass and the “Domine salvum fac Imperatorem” (Lord protect the emperor). Although the work of the conservatives was very important, for the historian Paul Guichonnet, the Annexation was \\\"above all the work of the clergy.\\\". Doctor Truchet of Annecy commented on this period thus: \\\"If the six hundred Savoyard priests had opposed the annexation, almost unanimity would have been in the opposite direction, you can be sure of that.\\\". Guichonnet also underlines that this orientation of the Savoyard clergy was made \\\"against the secular and pro-Italian orientation of Cavour, by the aristocracy and the clergy, supervising rural masses without political education\\\"
Le plébiscite se déroule les 22 et 23 avril 1860 : c'est la première élection au suffrage universel en Savoie, et les électeurs doivent répondre à la question « La Savoie veut-elle être réunie à la France ? ». « Pour Napoléon III, il ne s'agit pas de demander l'avis des citoyens mais de démontrer que sa politique bénéficie d'un soutien populaire. Tout se trouve mis en œuvre pour que les résultats du vote répondent aux attentes de l'Empereur » explique un historien. Les conditions de vote ne permettraient pas de caractériser aujourd'hui le vote de totalement démocratique ; « Les urnes étaient aux mains des mêmes autorités qui avaient issues les proclamations. Les contrôles étaient impossibles », les églises chantent la messe et le "Domine salvum fac Imperatorem" (Seigneur protège l'empereur). Bien que le travail des conservateurs fut très important, pour l'historien Paul Guichonnet, l'Annexion est « l’œuvre avant tout du clergé ». Le docteur Truchet d'Annecy commentait ainsi cette période « Si les six cents curés savoyards eussent fait opposition à l'annexion, la presque unanimité eût été en sens inverse, soyez-en bien sûrs ». Guichonnet souligne d'ailleurs que cette orientation du clergé savoyard s'est faite «contre l’orientation laïque et pro-italienne de Cavour, par l’aristocratie et le clergé, encadrant des masses rurales sans éducation politique».
The Annexation of Savoy is the generic name given to the union, according to the expression used in the Treaty of Turin, of the whole of Savoy (future departments of Savoy and Haute-Savoie), corresponding to the homonymous duchy, and the County of Nice, then an integral part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, to France in 1860. Although the country was occupied, or even annexed, on several occasions (by the French: 1556-1559; 1600-1601; 1689 then 1703-1713; by the Spanish 1742-1749; again by France during the Revolution from 1792 to 1814), the expression refers to the \\\"reunion\\\" clause provided for by Article 1 of the Treaty of Turin of March 24, 1860.
The plebiscite took place on April 22 and 23, 1860: it was the first election by universal suffrage in Savoy, and voters had to answer the question \\\"Does Savoy want to be reunited with France?\\\". \\\"For Napoleon III, it was not a question of asking the opinion of citizens but of demonstrating that his policy enjoyed popular support.\\\". \\\"Everything is being done to ensure that the results of the vote meet the Emperor's expectations,\\\" explains a historian.. The voting conditions would not allow us to characterize the vote as totally democratic today; \\\"The ballot boxes were in the hands of the same authorities who had issued the proclamations. Controls were impossible,” the churches sing the mass and the “Domine salvum fac Imperatorem” (Lord protect the emperor). Although the work of the conservatives was very important, for the historian Paul Guichonnet, the Annexation was \\\"above all the work of the clergy.\\\". Doctor Truchet of Annecy commented on this period thus: \\\"If the six hundred Savoyard priests had opposed the annexation, almost unanimity would have been in the opposite direction, you can be sure of that.\\\". Guichonnet also underlines that this orientation of the Savoyard clergy was made \\\"against the secular and pro-Italian orientation of Cavour, by the aristocracy and the clergy, supervising rural masses without political education\\\"
历史细节
SECOND EMPIRE
(02/12/1852-04/09/1870)
Proclaimed Emperor under the name of Napoleon III, Louis Napoleon made his solemn entry into Paris on December 2, 1852.. He married Eugénie Marie de Montijo, a Spanish aristocrat, in January 1853. His reign can be divided into three periods: the authoritarian Empire until 1860; the Liberal Empire from 1860 to 1870 then the Parliamentary Empire in 1870. During the authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III exercised his power without sharing, controlled the press while the newspapers practiced self-censorship to avoid their suppression.. The prefects exercise unlimited power in the departments, the mayors, the civil servants are appointed by the government. As under the First Empire, Education and the University are monitored. Maintaining the main principles of the revolution, the sovereignty of the people is continued thanks to the consultation by plebiscite. On the economic level, the boom is important, industrialization develops as well as credit organizations and department stores. Military prestige is increased by the Crimean War which allows France to play an international role. The attack of Orsini (January 1858) does not prevent France from intervening in Italy to make triumph the principle of nationalities and allows the attachment of Nice and Savoy by the treaty of Turin (March 1860). From 1860, the Empire moved towards more freedoms: free trade treaty with England, appearance of a weak opposition in the Legislative Body, granting of the right to strike (1864), liberalization of the press (1868). On the international level, France acquires New Caledonia, Cochinchina and encourages the digging of the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps. In Mexico, however, support for Maximilian and Austria was a failure. The 1869 elections were very bad for the regime and the opposition obtained 45% of the votes. The regime then evolved towards a parliamentary Empire by calling Émile Ollivier, leader of the Orléanist and liberal party, to power. After Sadowa in 1866 when Prussia crushed Austria, the affair of the throne of Spain and the dispatch from Ems led to the war which was declared on July 19, 1870. Accumulating setbacks, the French army was surrounded in Metz then Napoleon III, ill, capitulated at Sedan on September 2. As soon as the news was known, the decline of the Empire was announced by Gambetta, then the Republic was proclaimed on September 4.. Napoleon III was then taken captive to Hesse and then left for Kent where he died in 1873..
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